PFAS in Drinking Water
The exceedance of PFAS limits appears in the media almost daily. In this article, we aim to clarify the issue of PFAS in drinking water and provide an informed assessment.
What are PFAS and why are they problematic in drinking water?
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are a group of over 10,000 human-made chemicals used for decades in industrial applications and consumer products such as coated pans, outdoor clothing, firefighting foams, and food packaging.
The danger: PFAS are extremely persistent—they hardly degrade in the environment and accumulate in soil, water, and the human body. That’s why they are often called “forever chemicals” (FSVO).
PFAS Health Risks
- Hormonal disruption and endocrine effects
- Weakened immune system
- Increased risk of certain cancers
- Negative effects on the liver and metabolism
PFAS in Drinking Water in Switzerland – Legal Limits and Current Findings
In Switzerland, PFAS have become an increasing concern. Analyses show significant regional variations, with higher concentrations found near industrial sites or former landfills.
Legal Limits
- Switzerland: Sum limit of 0.1 µg/L for certain PFAS in drinking water (FOEN).
- EU: Stricter individual limits, e.g. 0.004 µg/L for PFOS.
A recent NAQUA study showed that PFAS were detected in groundwater at almost half of all monitoring stations, although exceedances remain rare (FOEN Study).
PFAS Water Analysis – How to Test Your Drinking Water
When does a PFAS test make sense?
- Living in risk areas (industrial zones, landfills, wastewater plants)
- Use of private wells or spring water
- Households with children or pregnant women
- General suspicion of PFAS contamination
Process of a Professional PFAS Water Analysis
- Sampling: Receive a test kit with instructions and return label
- Send sample to our accredited laboratory
- Conduct the PFAS analysis using LC-MS/MS
- Results: Within 2–3 weeks you’ll receive a detailed report with limit values and recommendations
Example Switzerland: In the Canton of Zurich, tap water samples were tested. Result: Limits are respected, but PFAS are detectable almost everywhere (Canton Zurich).
What to Do If PFAS Are Found in Drinking Water?
First Steps in Case of PFAS Contamination
- Compare with official limit values
- Identify possible sources of contamination
- Take a second sample to confirm water quality
Removing PFAS from Drinking Water
- Activated carbon filters – effective for some PFAS
- Reverse osmosis systems – highly effective, but more costly
FAQ – Key Questions About PFAS in Drinking Water
What are PFAS?
Synthetic, long-lasting chemicals that accumulate in the environment and the human body
(FSVO).
Where does PFAS in drinking water come from?
Main sources include industrial wastewater, landfills, and sewage sludge
(FOEN).
Are there legal limits in Switzerland?
Yes, currently 0.1 µg/L for the sum of certain PFAS.
How does a PFAS analysis work?
A water sample is analyzed in the laboratory (LC-MS/MS) and compared to legal limits.
How much does a PFAS test cost?
A complete PFAS water analysis costs CHF 220.
Conclusion – Clarity Through PFAS Water Testing in Switzerland
PFAS are invisible, but the risks for drinking water quality are significant. A PFAS analysis provides certainty and actionable steps to improve water safety.
✔ 20 common PFAS chemicals
✔ Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances